primary investigation

1) Автоматика: первоначальный анализ, предварительная ( технологическая) проработка, предварительный анализ

2) Макаров: предварительная технологическая проработка

- application investigation

1) Общая лексика: "parent in room", Position in Range (SEIC), независимая экспертиза проекта, project independent review

2) Спорт: Portland International Raceway

3) Военный термин: Para Infantry Regiment, Pass In Review, Passive Infra Red, Photo Interpretation Report, Post Implementation Review, Primary Image Record, Priority Intelligence Requirement, Priority Intelligence Requirements, Problem Identification Report, parachute infantry regiment, periodic intelligence report, periodic intelligence review, personnel information report, personnel information roster, photographic intelligence report, photointerpretation report, precision instrumentation radar, preliminary interrogation report, primary intelligence requirement, priority information requirement, process and indoctrinate recruits, procurement information reporting, product improvement review, production information release, production inspection record, program investigation request, ППИ (поиск приоритетной информации)

4) Техника: Petrolite irradiation reactor, Pile Installation Recorder, peak information rate, plant incident report, plant internal report, power interference ratio, problem investigation report

5) Математика: Periodic Interest Rate, кольцо главных идеалов (principal ideal ring)

6) Железнодорожный термин: Pittsburgh Industrial Railroad Incorporated

7) Сокращение: Passive InfraRed (sensor), Post-Implementation Review (GAO report 2007), policy improvement routine

8) Нефть: porosity indicator ratio, profit-to-investment ratio

9) Образование: Pupil Instruction Related

10) Автоматика: productivity increase ratio

11) Безопасность: Priority Information Report, PIR sensor, PIR-based motion detector, passive IR sensor, passive infra red sensor, passive infra-red sensor, passive infrared sensor, инфракрасный датчик, инфракрасный датчик движения, пассивный инфракрасный датчик движения

12) Расширение файла: Protocol Independent Routing

13) Строительные материалы: полиизоцианурат (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyisocyanurate)

14) Каспий: Pipeline Inventory Report

15) Молекулярная биология: Protein Information Resource

16) Чат: Parents In Room

17) NYSE. Pier 1 Imports, Inc.

18) Аэропорты: Pierre, South Dakota USA

1) Общая лексика: "parent in room", Position in Range (SEIC), независимая экспертиза проекта, project independent review

2) Спорт: Portland International Raceway

3) Военный термин: Para Infantry Regiment, Pass In Review, Passive Infra Red, Photo Interpretation Report, Post Implementation Review, Primary Image Record, Priority Intelligence Requirement, Priority Intelligence Requirements, Problem Identification Report, parachute infantry regiment, periodic intelligence report, periodic intelligence review, personnel information report, personnel information roster, photographic intelligence report, photointerpretation report, precision instrumentation radar, preliminary interrogation report, primary intelligence requirement, priority information requirement, process and indoctrinate recruits, procurement information reporting, product improvement review, production information release, production inspection record, program investigation request, ППИ (поиск приоритетной информации)

4) Техника: Petrolite irradiation reactor, Pile Installation Recorder, peak information rate, plant incident report, plant internal report, power interference ratio, problem investigation report

5) Математика: Periodic Interest Rate, кольцо главных идеалов (principal ideal ring)

6) Железнодорожный термин: Pittsburgh Industrial Railroad Incorporated

7) Сокращение: Passive InfraRed (sensor), Post-Implementation Review (GAO report 2007), policy improvement routine

8) Нефть: porosity indicator ratio, profit-to-investment ratio

9) Образование: Pupil Instruction Related

10) Автоматика: productivity increase ratio

11) Безопасность: Priority Information Report, PIR sensor, PIR-based motion detector, passive IR sensor, passive infra red sensor, passive infra-red sensor, passive infrared sensor, инфракрасный датчик, инфракрасный датчик движения, пассивный инфракрасный датчик движения

12) Расширение файла: Protocol Independent Routing

13) Строительные материалы: полиизоцианурат (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyisocyanurate)

14) Каспий: Pipeline Inventory Report

15) Молекулярная биология: Protein Information Resource

16) Чат: Parents In Room

17) NYSE. Pier 1 Imports, Inc.

18) Аэропорты: Pierre, South Dakota USA

1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Protease Inhibitor, piping & instrumentation drawings, point of intersection

2) Компьютерная техника: Parity Inner, Pocket Informant, Power Intelligence, Priority Inherit, Process Information, Processor Interface

3) Биология: plasma

4) Медицина: Prescribing Information (инструкция по медицинскому применению препарата), Principal Investigator (главный исследователь/руководитель исследования в исследовательском центре - при проведении клинических испытаний), protease inhibitor - ингибитор протеазы

5) Американизм: Policy Iteration, Pure Imported

6) Ботаника: Plant Introduction

7) Военный термин: Photographic Interpretation/Interpreter, parachute infantry, performance improvement, performance index, periodic inspection, personal identification, personal identity, photogrammetric instrumentation, photographic intelligence, photointerpretation, photointerpreter, physical inventory, pilot item, pilotless interceptor, point initiating, point of impact, point of interception, position indicator, practice intercept, precision instrument, preflight inspection, preliminary inspection, preliminary investigation, preliminary issue, preplanned product improvements, prepositioned instruction, principal investigator, probability of identification, procedure instruction, procurement item, product improvement, proficiency index, program of instruction, programmed instruction, public information, publication instructions

8) Техника: Para influenza, Proportional-plus Integral, packet interleaving, pattern information, payload interrogator, percent isolated, photo interpreter, position indication, primary input, procedural interface, program interrupter, proportional integral, purge isolation

9) Сельское хозяйство: (Phosphatidylinositol) фосфатидилинозиты (обычно в сочетании PI-PLC при анализе молока в Америке), Preliminary Incubation, parainfluenza

10) Шутливое выражение: Phantom Investigator

11) Химия: Phosphate Ion

12) Математика: Pareto Improved, показатель приоритета (priority index), полиномиальное тождество (polynomial identity)

13) Железнодорожный термин: Paducah and Illinois Railroad

14) Юридический термин: Participating Informant, Permanently Identified, Post Institutionalized

15) Страхование: personal injury, premium income, professional indemnity

16) Биржевой термин: Portfolio Investment

17) Грубое выражение: Personal Idiot

18) Сокращение: Performance Indicator, Photo-Interpreter, Physics International Co. (USA), Practice Interception, Primary in, Private Investigator, Probability of Intercept (Also POI), Process (or Program) Instruction, phase in, point-insulating, preliminary inquiry, priority index, production illustration, the ratio "pi", Product Information (Техническая Спецификация продукта), Pacing Indicator, Priority Interrupt, present illness, Техническая Спецификация продукта (Product Information), Blood Clotting, International Protocol, Ionized Phosphorus, Isoelectric Point (chemistry), Istiqlal Party (Independence Party, Morocco), Pacific Institute, Pacific Internet (Internet Service Provider), Package Insert (medications), Packet Interface, Paducah & Illinois Railroad, Paedagogisches Institut (Vienna, Austria), Page Impression (Internet advertising), Page Interleaving, Paging (assembly language ASM51 assembler control), Pampers Institute (UK), Panicle Initiation, Paper Insulated, Par Interim (French: Deputizing), Paradigm Infinitum (Singapore), Parallel Interface, Parameter Identifier (ITU-T), Parameter Indicator, Paranoid Ideation, Paranormal Investigator, Parent Initial, Parents for Inclusion, Parris Island, Particular Integral, Partner Institution, Pass Interference (football), Passes Intercepted (soccer), Passive Intercept, Paternity Index, Payload Integrator, Pearl Islands (Hawaii), Penile Implant, Pentium I (Intel), Per Inch, Per Inquiry, Perception Immediate (French), Perceptually Impaired, Perforated Initials (philately), Performance Insight (Oracle), Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Peripheral Iridotomy, Perlite Institute (Staten Island, NY), Perpetual Inventory, Persistently Infected, Personal Identifier, Personal Injury (legal), Personal Inspection, Personal Investigator (less common), Petroleum Institute, Phase I (clinical studies), Philadelphia Inquirer (newspaper), Philippine Islands (slang), Phosphate (Inorganic), Phosphorus Index, PhotoImpact (digital imaging software), Physically Impaired, Physician Information, Physicist Interface, Physics International, Physik Instrumente, Piaui (Brazil), Pinellas (plant; Florida), Pinneberg (auto license plate), Pisa (Tuscany, Italy), Planet Internet, Plant Industry (CSIRO), Plant Information (real-time software products such as SCADA), Plant Integrity, Plasticity Index, Platform Initialization (Specification), Please Inquire, Pleasure Island (Disney World), Plouffe's Inverter, Plug In, Point of Inflection (engineering), Police Interceptor, Policy Issuance (insurance), Policy and International Affairs, Politically Incorrect, Polyisocyanurate (rigid foam contruction material), Polynomial Identity (mathematics), Ponderal Index, Population Institute, Portable Interceptors, Post Inoculation, Post Intelligencer (newspaper, Seattle, Washington), Postinjection, Power Integrations, Power Interface, Praktische Informatik (German: Applied Informatics), Pre'compte Immobilier (French: tax on real estate), Predictive Index, Preliminary Injunction, Presque Isle (Michigan), Pressure Indicator (industrial control description), Price Integrity, Primary Immunodeficiency, Primary Investigations, Prime Implicant, Principal Insured, PrintImage International, Priority Inheritance, Privacy International (human rights group), Private Idaho, Private Investigations (movie), Process & Instrumentation, Process Improvement, Process Industries, Processing Instruction, Procurement Instruction, Product Integration, Product Integrity, Productivity Increase, Professional Indemnity (insurance coverage), Professional Informant, Profil Infirmier, Proforma Invoice, Program Identification, Program Improvement, Program Index, Program Information, Program Instructions, Program Integrity, Program Interruption, Program Isolation (IBM), Project Identification (number), Projector Infantry, Projets Individuels, Propidium Iodide, Proportional-Integral (controller), Propriedade Intelectual (Intellectual Property, Brazil), Prospective Internationale, Protease Inhibitor, Protocol Interpreter, Psicologi'a Integrada (Portugese), Psykoterapiinstitut (Stockholm, Sweden), Public Intoxication (law enforcement), Pulsatility Index, Pulse Induction, Pulse Inverter, Punto Informatico, Purchasing Instruction, Pursuit Inc., Pusat Informasi (Indonesian: Information Center)

19) Физика: 3. 1415926535, Polarisation Index

20) Физиология: Post Injection, Pulmonary Insufficiency

21) Вычислительная техника: program interrupt, Placement and Interconnect (system, VLSI, MIT), Информационная система производства (ИСП)

22) Нефть: Petroleum Information, high resolution induction log, impregnated paper, phasor induction log, production index, коэффициент продуктивности (productivity index), процент обнаруженных неисправностей (percent isolated), Phasor-Induction Spherically Focussed Log

23) Иммунология: фагоцитарный индекс

24) Биохимия: Pepsin Inhibitor

25) Связь: "Program Invocation"

26) Картография: photo interpretation, place, point of intersection

27) Фирменный знак: Precision Instruments, Priceless Inn

28) СМИ: Photo Impact, Post Intelligencer, Preliminary Index, Publications Inquiry

29) Деловая лексика: Plant Information, Process Innovation, Project Idea, Provider Independent, индекс прибыльности

30) SAP. пенсионное страхование

31) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: performance information, profitability index (profit/investment ratio discounted), индекс продуктивности, индикатор давления (pressure indicator), показывающий манометр (pressure indicator), productivity index (profit/investment ratio discounted), (log) high resolution induction log

32) Менеджмент: индекс доходности, индекс рентабельности

33) Образование: Public Instruction

34) Сетевые технологии: Path Identifier, Presence Information

35) Полимеры: penetration index, polyimidazole, polyimide, polyisoprene, полиимид

36) Программирование: Pages In

37) Автоматика: proportional-integral

38) Сахалин Р: Productivity Index, pressure indicator

39) Сахалин Ю: profitability index

40) Химическое оружие: Pulse input, project instruction

41) Макаров: Penning ionization

42) Табуированная лексика: сутенёр

43) Безопасность: Personal Information

44) Расширение файла: Programmer's Interface

45) Нефть и газ: ЭП, эксплуатационный показатель, Performance Indicators

46) Логистика: Proforma-Invoice (проформа-инвойс)

47) Карачаганак: (productivity index) коэффициент продуктивности

48) Электротехника: point insulation, power input, Polarization Index

49) Арматура: (position indicator) УП (указатель положения)

50) Общественная организация: Project Inform

51) Должность: Physician Investigator, Political Informant, Pool Instructor, Position Independent, Primary Investigator, Principle Investigator, Problem Investigator, Program Integrator, Property Inspector, Pure Integrity

52) Программное обеспечение: Programming Interface

53) Единицы измерений: Pyramid Inch

1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Panel Reactive Antibody

2) Медицина: plasma renin activity

3) Военный термин: Post Reception Audit, parabolic reflector antenna, permanent restricted area, personnel research activity, planned restricted availability, precision radar altimeter, primary reviewing authority, projected requisition authority, Population Reception Area (NATO)

4) Техника: Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, Probabilistic Risk Assessment( PRA) Implementation Plan, plutonium recycle acid, print alphanumerically, probabilistic risk analysis, problem investigation plan, progress report, project-related alternatives, prototypic inlet piping

5) Строительство: (Person Responsible for Area) Ответственный за участок (PETROFAC)

6) Математика: вероятностная оценка риска (probabilistic risk assessment)

7) Политика: People's Redemption Army, Promoting Republic Administration

8) Телекоммуникации: Primary Rate Access, (Primary Rate Access) Интерфейс первичного доступа

9) Сокращение: Postal Regulatory Act of 1970 (created United States Postal Service - USPS - from the US Post Office Department), Postal Reorganization Act, President of the Royal Academy, Psychological Research Association, Public Roads Administration, доступ на первичной скорости (primary rate access)

10) Вычислительная техника: Research Association of British Paints

11) Иммунология: Plasma renin assay, panel-reactive antibodies

12) Связь: Primary Rate Access (also PRI)

13) Транспорт: Passenger Revenue Accounting

14) Деловая лексика: Private Retirement Account, Purported Responsible Address, project risk analysis

15) Образование: Parent Read Aloud

16) Сахалин Р: Probabilistic Risk Assessment

17) Химическое оружие: Preliminary review/risk assessment, Project Requirements Analysis

18) Авиационная медицина: probability risk analysis

19) Собаководство: Progressive Retinal Atrophy

20) Правительство: People's Republic of Arkansas

1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Protease Inhibitor, piping & instrumentation drawings, point of intersection

2) Компьютерная техника: Parity Inner, Pocket Informant, Power Intelligence, Priority Inherit, Process Information, Processor Interface

3) Биология: plasma

4) Медицина: Prescribing Information (инструкция по медицинскому применению препарата), Principal Investigator (главный исследователь/руководитель исследования в исследовательском центре - при проведении клинических испытаний), protease inhibitor - ингибитор протеазы

5) Американизм: Policy Iteration, Pure Imported

6) Ботаника: Plant Introduction

7) Военный термин: Photographic Interpretation/Interpreter, parachute infantry, performance improvement, performance index, periodic inspection, personal identification, personal identity, photogrammetric instrumentation, photographic intelligence, photointerpretation, photointerpreter, physical inventory, pilot item, pilotless interceptor, point initiating, point of impact, point of interception, position indicator, practice intercept, precision instrument, preflight inspection, preliminary inspection, preliminary investigation, preliminary issue, preplanned product improvements, prepositioned instruction, principal investigator, probability of identification, procedure instruction, procurement item, product improvement, proficiency index, program of instruction, programmed instruction, public information, publication instructions

8) Техника: Para influenza, Proportional-plus Integral, packet interleaving, pattern information, payload interrogator, percent isolated, photo interpreter, position indication, primary input, procedural interface, program interrupter, proportional integral, purge isolation

9) Сельское хозяйство: (Phosphatidylinositol) фосфатидилинозиты (обычно в сочетании PI-PLC при анализе молока в Америке), Preliminary Incubation, parainfluenza

10) Шутливое выражение: Phantom Investigator

11) Химия: Phosphate Ion

12) Математика: Pareto Improved, показатель приоритета (priority index), полиномиальное тождество (polynomial identity)

13) Железнодорожный термин: Paducah and Illinois Railroad

14) Юридический термин: Participating Informant, Permanently Identified, Post Institutionalized

15) Страхование: personal injury, premium income, professional indemnity

16) Биржевой термин: Portfolio Investment

17) Грубое выражение: Personal Idiot

18) Сокращение: Performance Indicator, Photo-Interpreter, Physics International Co. (USA), Practice Interception, Primary in, Private Investigator, Probability of Intercept (Also POI), Process (or Program) Instruction, phase in, point-insulating, preliminary inquiry, priority index, production illustration, the ratio "pi", Product Information (Техническая Спецификация продукта), Pacing Indicator, Priority Interrupt, present illness, Техническая Спецификация продукта (Product Information), Blood Clotting, International Protocol, Ionized Phosphorus, Isoelectric Point (chemistry), Istiqlal Party (Independence Party, Morocco), Pacific Institute, Pacific Internet (Internet Service Provider), Package Insert (medications), Packet Interface, Paducah & Illinois Railroad, Paedagogisches Institut (Vienna, Austria), Page Impression (Internet advertising), Page Interleaving, Paging (assembly language ASM51 assembler control), Pampers Institute (UK), Panicle Initiation, Paper Insulated, Par Interim (French: Deputizing), Paradigm Infinitum (Singapore), Parallel Interface, Parameter Identifier (ITU-T), Parameter Indicator, Paranoid Ideation, Paranormal Investigator, Parent Initial, Parents for Inclusion, Parris Island, Particular Integral, Partner Institution, Pass Interference (football), Passes Intercepted (soccer), Passive Intercept, Paternity Index, Payload Integrator, Pearl Islands (Hawaii), Penile Implant, Pentium I (Intel), Per Inch, Per Inquiry, Perception Immediate (French), Perceptually Impaired, Perforated Initials (philately), Performance Insight (Oracle), Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Peripheral Iridotomy, Perlite Institute (Staten Island, NY), Perpetual Inventory, Persistently Infected, Personal Identifier, Personal Injury (legal), Personal Inspection, Personal Investigator (less common), Petroleum Institute, Phase I (clinical studies), Philadelphia Inquirer (newspaper), Philippine Islands (slang), Phosphate (Inorganic), Phosphorus Index, PhotoImpact (digital imaging software), Physically Impaired, Physician Information, Physicist Interface, Physics International, Physik Instrumente, Piaui (Brazil), Pinellas (plant; Florida), Pinneberg (auto license plate), Pisa (Tuscany, Italy), Planet Internet, Plant Industry (CSIRO), Plant Information (real-time software products such as SCADA), Plant Integrity, Plasticity Index, Platform Initialization (Specification), Please Inquire, Pleasure Island (Disney World), Plouffe's Inverter, Plug In, Point of Inflection (engineering), Police Interceptor, Policy Issuance (insurance), Policy and International Affairs, Politically Incorrect, Polyisocyanurate (rigid foam contruction material), Polynomial Identity (mathematics), Ponderal Index, Population Institute, Portable Interceptors, Post Inoculation, Post Intelligencer (newspaper, Seattle, Washington), Postinjection, Power Integrations, Power Interface, Praktische Informatik (German: Applied Informatics), Pre'compte Immobilier (French: tax on real estate), Predictive Index, Preliminary Injunction, Presque Isle (Michigan), Pressure Indicator (industrial control description), Price Integrity, Primary Immunodeficiency, Primary Investigations, Prime Implicant, Principal Insured, PrintImage International, Priority Inheritance, Privacy International (human rights group), Private Idaho, Private Investigations (movie), Process & Instrumentation, Process Improvement, Process Industries, Processing Instruction, Procurement Instruction, Product Integration, Product Integrity, Productivity Increase, Professional Indemnity (insurance coverage), Professional Informant, Profil Infirmier, Proforma Invoice, Program Identification, Program Improvement, Program Index, Program Information, Program Instructions, Program Integrity, Program Interruption, Program Isolation (IBM), Project Identification (number), Projector Infantry, Projets Individuels, Propidium Iodide, Proportional-Integral (controller), Propriedade Intelectual (Intellectual Property, Brazil), Prospective Internationale, Protease Inhibitor, Protocol Interpreter, Psicologi'a Integrada (Portugese), Psykoterapiinstitut (Stockholm, Sweden), Public Intoxication (law enforcement), Pulsatility Index, Pulse Induction, Pulse Inverter, Punto Informatico, Purchasing Instruction, Pursuit Inc., Pusat Informasi (Indonesian: Information Center)

19) Физика: 3. 1415926535, Polarisation Index

20) Физиология: Post Injection, Pulmonary Insufficiency

21) Вычислительная техника: program interrupt, Placement and Interconnect (system, VLSI, MIT), Информационная система производства (ИСП)

22) Нефть: Petroleum Information, high resolution induction log, impregnated paper, phasor induction log, production index, коэффициент продуктивности (productivity index), процент обнаруженных неисправностей (percent isolated), Phasor-Induction Spherically Focussed Log

23) Иммунология: фагоцитарный индекс

24) Биохимия: Pepsin Inhibitor

25) Связь: "Program Invocation"

26) Картография: photo interpretation, place, point of intersection

27) Фирменный знак: Precision Instruments, Priceless Inn

28) СМИ: Photo Impact, Post Intelligencer, Preliminary Index, Publications Inquiry

29) Деловая лексика: Plant Information, Process Innovation, Project Idea, Provider Independent, индекс прибыльности

30) SAP. пенсионное страхование

31) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: performance information, profitability index (profit/investment ratio discounted), индекс продуктивности, индикатор давления (pressure indicator), показывающий манометр (pressure indicator), productivity index (profit/investment ratio discounted), (log) high resolution induction log

32) Менеджмент: индекс доходности, индекс рентабельности

33) Образование: Public Instruction

34) Сетевые технологии: Path Identifier, Presence Information

35) Полимеры: penetration index, polyimidazole, polyimide, polyisoprene, полиимид

36) Программирование: Pages In

37) Автоматика: proportional-integral

38) Сахалин Р: Productivity Index, pressure indicator

39) Сахалин Ю: profitability index

40) Химическое оружие: Pulse input, project instruction

41) Макаров: Penning ionization

42) Табуированная лексика: сутенёр

43) Безопасность: Personal Information

44) Расширение файла: Programmer's Interface

45) Нефть и газ: ЭП, эксплуатационный показатель, Performance Indicators

46) Логистика: Proforma-Invoice (проформа-инвойс)

47) Карачаганак: (productivity index) коэффициент продуктивности

48) Электротехника: point insulation, power input, Polarization Index

49) Арматура: (position indicator) УП (указатель положения)

50) Общественная организация: Project Inform

51) Должность: Physician Investigator, Political Informant, Pool Instructor, Position Independent, Primary Investigator, Principle Investigator, Problem Investigator, Program Integrator, Property Inspector, Pure Integrity

52) Программное обеспечение: Programming Interface

53) Единицы измерений: Pyramid Inch

1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Protease Inhibitor, piping & instrumentation drawings, point of intersection

2) Компьютерная техника: Parity Inner, Pocket Informant, Power Intelligence, Priority Inherit, Process Information, Processor Interface

3) Биология: plasma

4) Медицина: Prescribing Information (инструкция по медицинскому применению препарата), Principal Investigator (главный исследователь/руководитель исследования в исследовательском центре - при проведении клинических испытаний), protease inhibitor - ингибитор протеазы

5) Американизм: Policy Iteration, Pure Imported

6) Ботаника: Plant Introduction

7) Военный термин: Photographic Interpretation/Interpreter, parachute infantry, performance improvement, performance index, periodic inspection, personal identification, personal identity, photogrammetric instrumentation, photographic intelligence, photointerpretation, photointerpreter, physical inventory, pilot item, pilotless interceptor, point initiating, point of impact, point of interception, position indicator, practice intercept, precision instrument, preflight inspection, preliminary inspection, preliminary investigation, preliminary issue, preplanned product improvements, prepositioned instruction, principal investigator, probability of identification, procedure instruction, procurement item, product improvement, proficiency index, program of instruction, programmed instruction, public information, publication instructions

8) Техника: Para influenza, Proportional-plus Integral, packet interleaving, pattern information, payload interrogator, percent isolated, photo interpreter, position indication, primary input, procedural interface, program interrupter, proportional integral, purge isolation

9) Сельское хозяйство: (Phosphatidylinositol) фосфатидилинозиты (обычно в сочетании PI-PLC при анализе молока в Америке), Preliminary Incubation, parainfluenza

10) Шутливое выражение: Phantom Investigator

11) Химия: Phosphate Ion

12) Математика: Pareto Improved, показатель приоритета (priority index), полиномиальное тождество (polynomial identity)

13) Железнодорожный термин: Paducah and Illinois Railroad

14) Юридический термин: Participating Informant, Permanently Identified, Post Institutionalized

15) Страхование: personal injury, premium income, professional indemnity

16) Биржевой термин: Portfolio Investment

17) Грубое выражение: Personal Idiot

18) Сокращение: Performance Indicator, Photo-Interpreter, Physics International Co. (USA), Practice Interception, Primary in, Private Investigator, Probability of Intercept (Also POI), Process (or Program) Instruction, phase in, point-insulating, preliminary inquiry, priority index, production illustration, the ratio "pi", Product Information (Техническая Спецификация продукта), Pacing Indicator, Priority Interrupt, present illness, Техническая Спецификация продукта (Product Information), Blood Clotting, International Protocol, Ionized Phosphorus, Isoelectric Point (chemistry), Istiqlal Party (Independence Party, Morocco), Pacific Institute, Pacific Internet (Internet Service Provider), Package Insert (medications), Packet Interface, Paducah & Illinois Railroad, Paedagogisches Institut (Vienna, Austria), Page Impression (Internet advertising), Page Interleaving, Paging (assembly language ASM51 assembler control), Pampers Institute (UK), Panicle Initiation, Paper Insulated, Par Interim (French: Deputizing), Paradigm Infinitum (Singapore), Parallel Interface, Parameter Identifier (ITU-T), Parameter Indicator, Paranoid Ideation, Paranormal Investigator, Parent Initial, Parents for Inclusion, Parris Island, Particular Integral, Partner Institution, Pass Interference (football), Passes Intercepted (soccer), Passive Intercept, Paternity Index, Payload Integrator, Pearl Islands (Hawaii), Penile Implant, Pentium I (Intel), Per Inch, Per Inquiry, Perception Immediate (French), Perceptually Impaired, Perforated Initials (philately), Performance Insight (Oracle), Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Peripheral Iridotomy, Perlite Institute (Staten Island, NY), Perpetual Inventory, Persistently Infected, Personal Identifier, Personal Injury (legal), Personal Inspection, Personal Investigator (less common), Petroleum Institute, Phase I (clinical studies), Philadelphia Inquirer (newspaper), Philippine Islands (slang), Phosphate (Inorganic), Phosphorus Index, PhotoImpact (digital imaging software), Physically Impaired, Physician Information, Physicist Interface, Physics International, Physik Instrumente, Piaui (Brazil), Pinellas (plant; Florida), Pinneberg (auto license plate), Pisa (Tuscany, Italy), Planet Internet, Plant Industry (CSIRO), Plant Information (real-time software products such as SCADA), Plant Integrity, Plasticity Index, Platform Initialization (Specification), Please Inquire, Pleasure Island (Disney World), Plouffe's Inverter, Plug In, Point of Inflection (engineering), Police Interceptor, Policy Issuance (insurance), Policy and International Affairs, Politically Incorrect, Polyisocyanurate (rigid foam contruction material), Polynomial Identity (mathematics), Ponderal Index, Population Institute, Portable Interceptors, Post Inoculation, Post Intelligencer (newspaper, Seattle, Washington), Postinjection, Power Integrations, Power Interface, Praktische Informatik (German: Applied Informatics), Pre'compte Immobilier (French: tax on real estate), Predictive Index, Preliminary Injunction, Presque Isle (Michigan), Pressure Indicator (industrial control description), Price Integrity, Primary Immunodeficiency, Primary Investigations, Prime Implicant, Principal Insured, PrintImage International, Priority Inheritance, Privacy International (human rights group), Private Idaho, Private Investigations (movie), Process & Instrumentation, Process Improvement, Process Industries, Processing Instruction, Procurement Instruction, Product Integration, Product Integrity, Productivity Increase, Professional Indemnity (insurance coverage), Professional Informant, Profil Infirmier, Proforma Invoice, Program Identification, Program Improvement, Program Index, Program Information, Program Instructions, Program Integrity, Program Interruption, Program Isolation (IBM), Project Identification (number), Projector Infantry, Projets Individuels, Propidium Iodide, Proportional-Integral (controller), Propriedade Intelectual (Intellectual Property, Brazil), Prospective Internationale, Protease Inhibitor, Protocol Interpreter, Psicologi'a Integrada (Portugese), Psykoterapiinstitut (Stockholm, Sweden), Public Intoxication (law enforcement), Pulsatility Index, Pulse Induction, Pulse Inverter, Punto Informatico, Purchasing Instruction, Pursuit Inc., Pusat Informasi (Indonesian: Information Center)

19) Физика: 3. 1415926535, Polarisation Index

20) Физиология: Post Injection, Pulmonary Insufficiency

21) Вычислительная техника: program interrupt, Placement and Interconnect (system, VLSI, MIT), Информационная система производства (ИСП)

22) Нефть: Petroleum Information, high resolution induction log, impregnated paper, phasor induction log, production index, коэффициент продуктивности (productivity index), процент обнаруженных неисправностей (percent isolated), Phasor-Induction Spherically Focussed Log

23) Иммунология: фагоцитарный индекс

24) Биохимия: Pepsin Inhibitor

25) Связь: "Program Invocation"

26) Картография: photo interpretation, place, point of intersection

27) Фирменный знак: Precision Instruments, Priceless Inn

28) СМИ: Photo Impact, Post Intelligencer, Preliminary Index, Publications Inquiry

29) Деловая лексика: Plant Information, Process Innovation, Project Idea, Provider Independent, индекс прибыльности

30) SAP. пенсионное страхование

31) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: performance information, profitability index (profit/investment ratio discounted), индекс продуктивности, индикатор давления (pressure indicator), показывающий манометр (pressure indicator), productivity index (profit/investment ratio discounted), (log) high resolution induction log

32) Менеджмент: индекс доходности, индекс рентабельности

33) Образование: Public Instruction

34) Сетевые технологии: Path Identifier, Presence Information

35) Полимеры: penetration index, polyimidazole, polyimide, polyisoprene, полиимид

36) Программирование: Pages In

37) Автоматика: proportional-integral

38) Сахалин Р: Productivity Index, pressure indicator

39) Сахалин Ю: profitability index

40) Химическое оружие: Pulse input, project instruction

41) Макаров: Penning ionization

42) Табуированная лексика: сутенёр

43) Безопасность: Personal Information

44) Расширение файла: Programmer's Interface

45) Нефть и газ: ЭП, эксплуатационный показатель, Performance Indicators

46) Логистика: Proforma-Invoice (проформа-инвойс)

47) Карачаганак: (productivity index) коэффициент продуктивности

48) Электротехника: point insulation, power input, Polarization Index

49) Арматура: (position indicator) УП (указатель положения)

50) Общественная организация: Project Inform

51) Должность: Physician Investigator, Political Informant, Pool Instructor, Position Independent, Primary Investigator, Principle Investigator, Problem Investigator, Program Integrator, Property Inspector, Pure Integrity

52) Программное обеспечение: Programming Interface

53) Единицы измерений: Pyramid Inch

1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Protease Inhibitor, piping & instrumentation drawings, point of intersection

2) Компьютерная техника: Parity Inner, Pocket Informant, Power Intelligence, Priority Inherit, Process Information, Processor Interface

3) Биология: plasma

4) Медицина: Prescribing Information (инструкция по медицинскому применению препарата), Principal Investigator (главный исследователь/руководитель исследования в исследовательском центре - при проведении клинических испытаний), protease inhibitor - ингибитор протеазы

5) Американизм: Policy Iteration, Pure Imported

6) Ботаника: Plant Introduction

7) Военный термин: Photographic Interpretation/Interpreter, parachute infantry, performance improvement, performance index, periodic inspection, personal identification, personal identity, photogrammetric instrumentation, photographic intelligence, photointerpretation, photointerpreter, physical inventory, pilot item, pilotless interceptor, point initiating, point of impact, point of interception, position indicator, practice intercept, precision instrument, preflight inspection, preliminary inspection, preliminary investigation, preliminary issue, preplanned product improvements, prepositioned instruction, principal investigator, probability of identification, procedure instruction, procurement item, product improvement, proficiency index, program of instruction, programmed instruction, public information, publication instructions

8) Техника: Para influenza, Proportional-plus Integral, packet interleaving, pattern information, payload interrogator, percent isolated, photo interpreter, position indication, primary input, procedural interface, program interrupter, proportional integral, purge isolation

9) Сельское хозяйство: (Phosphatidylinositol) фосфатидилинозиты (обычно в сочетании PI-PLC при анализе молока в Америке), Preliminary Incubation, parainfluenza

10) Шутливое выражение: Phantom Investigator

11) Химия: Phosphate Ion

12) Математика: Pareto Improved, показатель приоритета (priority index), полиномиальное тождество (polynomial identity)

13) Железнодорожный термин: Paducah and Illinois Railroad

14) Юридический термин: Participating Informant, Permanently Identified, Post Institutionalized

15) Страхование: personal injury, premium income, professional indemnity

16) Биржевой термин: Portfolio Investment

17) Грубое выражение: Personal Idiot

18) Сокращение: Performance Indicator, Photo-Interpreter, Physics International Co. (USA), Practice Interception, Primary in, Private Investigator, Probability of Intercept (Also POI), Process (or Program) Instruction, phase in, point-insulating, preliminary inquiry, priority index, production illustration, the ratio "pi", Product Information (Техническая Спецификация продукта), Pacing Indicator, Priority Interrupt, present illness, Техническая Спецификация продукта (Product Information), Blood Clotting, International Protocol, Ionized Phosphorus, Isoelectric Point (chemistry), Istiqlal Party (Independence Party, Morocco), Pacific Institute, Pacific Internet (Internet Service Provider), Package Insert (medications), Packet Interface, Paducah & Illinois Railroad, Paedagogisches Institut (Vienna, Austria), Page Impression (Internet advertising), Page Interleaving, Paging (assembly language ASM51 assembler control), Pampers Institute (UK), Panicle Initiation, Paper Insulated, Par Interim (French: Deputizing), Paradigm Infinitum (Singapore), Parallel Interface, Parameter Identifier (ITU-T), Parameter Indicator, Paranoid Ideation, Paranormal Investigator, Parent Initial, Parents for Inclusion, Parris Island, Particular Integral, Partner Institution, Pass Interference (football), Passes Intercepted (soccer), Passive Intercept, Paternity Index, Payload Integrator, Pearl Islands (Hawaii), Penile Implant, Pentium I (Intel), Per Inch, Per Inquiry, Perception Immediate (French), Perceptually Impaired, Perforated Initials (philately), Performance Insight (Oracle), Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Peripheral Iridotomy, Perlite Institute (Staten Island, NY), Perpetual Inventory, Persistently Infected, Personal Identifier, Personal Injury (legal), Personal Inspection, Personal Investigator (less common), Petroleum Institute, Phase I (clinical studies), Philadelphia Inquirer (newspaper), Philippine Islands (slang), Phosphate (Inorganic), Phosphorus Index, PhotoImpact (digital imaging software), Physically Impaired, Physician Information, Physicist Interface, Physics International, Physik Instrumente, Piaui (Brazil), Pinellas (plant; Florida), Pinneberg (auto license plate), Pisa (Tuscany, Italy), Planet Internet, Plant Industry (CSIRO), Plant Information (real-time software products such as SCADA), Plant Integrity, Plasticity Index, Platform Initialization (Specification), Please Inquire, Pleasure Island (Disney World), Plouffe's Inverter, Plug In, Point of Inflection (engineering), Police Interceptor, Policy Issuance (insurance), Policy and International Affairs, Politically Incorrect, Polyisocyanurate (rigid foam contruction material), Polynomial Identity (mathematics), Ponderal Index, Population Institute, Portable Interceptors, Post Inoculation, Post Intelligencer (newspaper, Seattle, Washington), Postinjection, Power Integrations, Power Interface, Praktische Informatik (German: Applied Informatics), Pre'compte Immobilier (French: tax on real estate), Predictive Index, Preliminary Injunction, Presque Isle (Michigan), Pressure Indicator (industrial control description), Price Integrity, Primary Immunodeficiency, Primary Investigations, Prime Implicant, Principal Insured, PrintImage International, Priority Inheritance, Privacy International (human rights group), Private Idaho, Private Investigations (movie), Process & Instrumentation, Process Improvement, Process Industries, Processing Instruction, Procurement Instruction, Product Integration, Product Integrity, Productivity Increase, Professional Indemnity (insurance coverage), Professional Informant, Profil Infirmier, Proforma Invoice, Program Identification, Program Improvement, Program Index, Program Information, Program Instructions, Program Integrity, Program Interruption, Program Isolation (IBM), Project Identification (number), Projector Infantry, Projets Individuels, Propidium Iodide, Proportional-Integral (controller), Propriedade Intelectual (Intellectual Property, Brazil), Prospective Internationale, Protease Inhibitor, Protocol Interpreter, Psicologi'a Integrada (Portugese), Psykoterapiinstitut (Stockholm, Sweden), Public Intoxication (law enforcement), Pulsatility Index, Pulse Induction, Pulse Inverter, Punto Informatico, Purchasing Instruction, Pursuit Inc., Pusat Informasi (Indonesian: Information Center)

19) Физика: 3. 1415926535, Polarisation Index

20) Физиология: Post Injection, Pulmonary Insufficiency

21) Вычислительная техника: program interrupt, Placement and Interconnect (system, VLSI, MIT), Информационная система производства (ИСП)

22) Нефть: Petroleum Information, high resolution induction log, impregnated paper, phasor induction log, production index, коэффициент продуктивности (productivity index), процент обнаруженных неисправностей (percent isolated), Phasor-Induction Spherically Focussed Log

23) Иммунология: фагоцитарный индекс

24) Биохимия: Pepsin Inhibitor

25) Связь: "Program Invocation"

26) Картография: photo interpretation, place, point of intersection

27) Фирменный знак: Precision Instruments, Priceless Inn

28) СМИ: Photo Impact, Post Intelligencer, Preliminary Index, Publications Inquiry

29) Деловая лексика: Plant Information, Process Innovation, Project Idea, Provider Independent, индекс прибыльности

30) SAP. пенсионное страхование

31) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: performance information, profitability index (profit/investment ratio discounted), индекс продуктивности, индикатор давления (pressure indicator), показывающий манометр (pressure indicator), productivity index (profit/investment ratio discounted), (log) high resolution induction log

32) Менеджмент: индекс доходности, индекс рентабельности

33) Образование: Public Instruction

34) Сетевые технологии: Path Identifier, Presence Information

35) Полимеры: penetration index, polyimidazole, polyimide, polyisoprene, полиимид

36) Программирование: Pages In

37) Автоматика: proportional-integral

38) Сахалин Р: Productivity Index, pressure indicator

39) Сахалин Ю: profitability index

40) Химическое оружие: Pulse input, project instruction

41) Макаров: Penning ionization

42) Табуированная лексика: сутенёр

43) Безопасность: Personal Information

44) Расширение файла: Programmer's Interface

45) Нефть и газ: ЭП, эксплуатационный показатель, Performance Indicators

46) Логистика: Proforma-Invoice (проформа-инвойс)

47) Карачаганак: (productivity index) коэффициент продуктивности

48) Электротехника: point insulation, power input, Polarization Index

49) Арматура: (position indicator) УП (указатель положения)

50) Общественная организация: Project Inform

51) Должность: Physician Investigator, Political Informant, Pool Instructor, Position Independent, Primary Investigator, Principle Investigator, Problem Investigator, Program Integrator, Property Inspector, Pure Integrity

52) Программное обеспечение: Programming Interface

53) Единицы измерений: Pyramid Inch

   1) Programs and the Complexity of Human Mental Processes

   In my opinion, none of [these programs] does even remote justice to the complexity of human mental processes. Unlike men, "artificially intelligent" programs tend to be single minded, undistractable, and unemotional. (Neisser, 1967, p. 9)

   2) Artificial Intelligence Is an Engineering Discipline

   Future progress in [artificial intelligence] will depend on the development of both practical and theoretical knowledge.... As regards theoretical knowledge, some have sought a unified theory of artificial intelligence. My view is that artificial intelligence is (or soon will be) an engineering discipline since its primary goal is to build things. (Nilsson, 1971, pp. vii-viii)

   3) A Sceptical View of Artificial Intelligence

   Most workers in AI [artificial intelligence] research and in related fields confess to a pronounced feeling of disappointment in what has been achieved in the last 25 years. Workers entered the field around 1950, and even around 1960, with high hopes that are very far from being realized in 1972. In no part of the field have the discoveries made so far produced the major impact that was then promised.... In the meantime, claims and predictions regarding the potential results of AI research had been publicized which went even farther than the expectations of the majority of workers in the field, whose embarrassments have been added to by the lamentable failure of such inflated predictions....

   When able and respected scientists write in letters to the present author that AI, the major goal of computing science, represents "another step in the general process of evolution"; that possibilities in the 1980s include an all-purpose intelligence on a human-scale knowledge base; that awe-inspiring possibilities suggest themselves based on machine intelligence exceeding human intelligence by the year 2000 [one has the right to be skeptical]. (Lighthill, 1972, p. 17)

   4) Just as Astronomy Succeeded Astrology, the Discovery of Intellectual Processes in Machines Should Lead to a Science, Eventually

   Just as astronomy succeeded astrology, following Kepler's discovery of planetary regularities, the discoveries of these many principles in empirical explorations on intellectual processes in machines should lead to a science, eventually. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)

   5) Problems in Machine Intelligence Arise Because Things Obvious to Any Person Are Not Represented in the Program

   Many problems arise in experiments on machine intelligence because things obvious to any person are not represented in any program. One can pull with a string, but one cannot push with one.... Simple facts like these caused serious problems when Charniak attempted to extend Bobrow's "Student" program to more realistic applications, and they have not been faced up to until now. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 77)

   6) The Meaning of a Symbolic Description

   What do we mean by [a symbolic] "description"? We do not mean to suggest that our descriptions must be made of strings of ordinary language words (although they might be). The simplest kind of description is a structure in which some features of a situation are represented by single ("primitive") symbols, and relations between those features are represented by other symbols-or by other features of the way the description is put together. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)

   7) The Principle of Artificial Intelligence

   [AI is] the use of computer programs and programming techniques to cast light on the principles of intelligence in general and human thought in particular. (Boden, 1977, p. 5)

   8) Artificial Intelligence Recognizes the Need for Knowledge in Its Systems

   The word you look for and hardly ever see in the early AI literature is the word knowledge. They didn't believe you have to know anything, you could always rework it all.... In fact 1967 is the turning point in my mind when there was enough feeling that the old ideas of general principles had to go.... I came up with an argument for what I called the primacy of expertise, and at the time I called the other guys the generalists. (Moses, quoted in McCorduck, 1979, pp. 228-229)

   9) Artificial Intelligence Is Psychology in a Particularly Pure and Abstract Form

   The basic idea of cognitive science is that intelligent beings are semantic engines-in other words, automatic formal systems with interpretations under which they consistently make sense. We can now see why this includes psychology and artificial intelligence on a more or less equal footing: people and intelligent computers (if and when there are any) turn out to be merely different manifestations of the same underlying phenomenon. Moreover, with universal hardware, any semantic engine can in principle be formally imitated by a computer if only the right program can be found. And that will guarantee semantic imitation as well, since (given the appropriate formal behavior) the semantics is "taking care of itself" anyway. Thus we also see why, from this perspective, artificial intelligence can be regarded as psychology in a particularly pure and abstract form. The same fundamental structures are under investigation, but in AI, all the relevant parameters are under direct experimental control (in the programming), without any messy physiology or ethics to get in the way. (Haugeland, 1981b, p. 31)

    10) There Are Many Types of Reasoning

   There are many different kinds of reasoning one might imagine:

    Formal reasoning involves the syntactic manipulation of data structures to deduce new ones following prespecified rules of inference. Mathematical logic is the archetypical formal representation. Procedural reasoning uses simulation to answer questions and solve problems. When we use a program to answer What is the sum of 3 and 4? it uses, or "runs," a procedural model of arithmetic. Reasoning by analogy seems to be a very natural mode of thought for humans but, so far, difficult to accomplish in AI programs. The idea is that when you ask the question Can robins fly? the system might reason that "robins are like sparrows, and I know that sparrows can fly, so robins probably can fly."

    Generalization and abstraction are also natural reasoning process for humans that are difficult to pin down well enough to implement in a program. If one knows that Robins have wings, that Sparrows have wings, and that Blue jays have wings, eventually one will believe that All birds have wings. This capability may be at the core of most human learning, but it has not yet become a useful technique in AI.... Meta- level reasoning is demonstrated by the way one answers the question What is Paul Newman's telephone number? You might reason that "if I knew Paul Newman's number, I would know that I knew it, because it is a notable fact." This involves using "knowledge about what you know," in particular, about the extent of your knowledge and about the importance of certain facts. Recent research in psychology and AI indicates that meta-level reasoning may play a central role in human cognitive processing. (Barr & Feigenbaum, 1981, pp. 146-147)

    11) Programs Are Beginning to Do Things That Critics Have Asserted to Be Impossible

   Suffice it to say that programs already exist that can do things-or, at the very least, appear to be beginning to do things-which ill-informed critics have asserted a priori to be impossible. Examples include: perceiving in a holistic as opposed to an atomistic way; using language creatively; translating sensibly from one language to another by way of a language-neutral semantic representation; planning acts in a broad and sketchy fashion, the details being decided only in execution; distinguishing between different species of emotional reaction according to the psychological context of the subject. (Boden, 1981, p. 33)

    12) The Synthesis of Man and Machine

   Can the synthesis of Man and Machine ever be stable, or will the purely organic component become such a hindrance that it has to be discarded? If this eventually happens-and I have... good reasons for thinking that it must-we have nothing to regret and certainly nothing to fear. (Clarke, 1984, p. 243)

    13) The Thesis of Good Old-Fashioned Artificial Intelligence (GOFAI)

   The thesis of GOFAI... is not that the processes underlying intelligence can be described symbolically... but that they are symbolic. (Haugeland, 1985, p. 113)

    14) Artificial Intelligence Provides a Useful Approach to Psychological and Psychiatric Theory Formation

   It is all very well formulating psychological and psychiatric theories verbally but, when using natural language (even technical jargon), it is difficult to recognise when a theory is complete; oversights are all too easily made, gaps too readily left. This is a point which is generally recognised to be true and it is for precisely this reason that the behavioural sciences attempt to follow the natural sciences in using "classical" mathematics as a more rigorous descriptive language. However, it is an unfortunate fact that, with a few notable exceptions, there has been a marked lack of success in this application. It is my belief that a different approach-a different mathematics-is needed, and that AI provides just this approach. (Hand, quoted in Hand, 1985, pp. 6-7)

    15) Four Kinds of Artificial Intelligence

   We might distinguish among four kinds of AI.

   ♦ Nonpsychological AI

   Research of this kind involves building and programming computers to perform tasks which, to paraphrase Marvin Minsky, would require intelligence if they were done by us. Researchers in nonpsychological AI make no claims whatsoever about the psychological realism of their programs or the devices they build, that is, about whether or not computers perform tasks as humans do.

   ♦ Weak Psychological AI

   Research here is guided by the view that the computer is a useful tool in the study of mind. In particular, we can write computer programs or build devices that simulate alleged psychological processes in humans and then test our predictions about how the alleged processes work. We can weave these programs and devices together with other programs and devices that simulate different alleged mental processes and thereby test the degree to which the AI system as a whole simulates human mentality. According to weak psychological AI, working with computer models is a way of refining and testing hypotheses about processes that are allegedly realized in human minds.

   ♦ Strong Psychological AI

... According to this view, our minds are computers and therefore can be duplicated by other computers. Sherry Turkle writes that the "real ambition is of mythic proportions, making a general purpose intelligence, a mind." (Turkle, 1984, p. 240) The authors of a major text announce that "the ultimate goal of AI research is to build a person or, more humbly, an animal." (Charniak & McDermott, 1985, p. 7)

   ♦ Suprapsychological AI

   Research in this field, like strong psychological AI, takes seriously the functionalist view that mentality can be realized in many different types of physical devices. Suprapsychological AI, however, accuses strong psychological AI of being chauvinisticof being only interested in human intelligence! Suprapsychological AI claims to be interested in all the conceivable ways intelligence can be realized. (Flanagan, 1991, pp. 241-242)

    16) Determination of Relevance of Rules in Particular Contexts

   Even if the [rules] were stored in a context-free form the computer still couldn't use them. To do that the computer requires rules enabling it to draw on just those [ rules] which are relevant in each particular context. Determination of relevance will have to be based on further facts and rules, but the question will again arise as to which facts and rules are relevant for making each particular determination. One could always invoke further facts and rules to answer this question, but of course these must be only the relevant ones. And so it goes. It seems that AI workers will never be able to get started here unless they can settle the problem of relevance beforehand by cataloguing types of context and listing just those facts which are relevant in each. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 80)

    17) Form and Content Are Not Fundamentally Different

   Perhaps the single most important idea to artificial intelligence is that there is no fundamental difference between form and content, that meaning can be captured in a set of symbols such as a semantic net. (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)

    18) The Assumption That the Mind Is a Formal System

   Artificial intelligence is based on the assumption that the mind can be described as some kind of formal system manipulating symbols that stand for things in the world. Thus it doesn't matter what the brain is made of, or what it uses for tokens in the great game of thinking. Using an equivalent set of tokens and rules, we can do thinking with a digital computer, just as we can play chess using cups, salt and pepper shakers, knives, forks, and spoons. Using the right software, one system (the mind) can be mapped into the other (the computer). (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)

    19) A Statement of the Primary and Secondary Purposes of Artificial Intelligence

   The primary goal of Artificial Intelligence is to make machines smarter.

   The secondary goals of Artificial Intelligence are to understand what intelligence is (the Nobel laureate purpose) and to make machines more useful (the entrepreneurial purpose). (Winston, 1987, p. 1)

    20) Mathematical Logic Provides the Basis for Theory in AI

   The theoretical ideas of older branches of engineering are captured in the language of mathematics. We contend that mathematical logic provides the basis for theory in AI. Although many computer scientists already count logic as fundamental to computer science in general, we put forward an even stronger form of the logic-is-important argument....

   AI deals mainly with the problem of representing and using declarative (as opposed to procedural) knowledge. Declarative knowledge is the kind that is expressed as sentences, and AI needs a language in which to state these sentences. Because the languages in which this knowledge usually is originally captured (natural languages such as English) are not suitable for computer representations, some other language with the appropriate properties must be used. It turns out, we think, that the appropriate properties include at least those that have been uppermost in the minds of logicians in their development of logical languages such as the predicate calculus. Thus, we think that any language for expressing knowledge in AI systems must be at least as expressive as the first-order predicate calculus. (Genesereth & Nilsson, 1987, p. viii)

    21) Perceptual Structures Can Be Represented as Lists of Elementary Propositions

   In artificial intelligence studies, perceptual structures are represented as assemblages of description lists, the elementary components of which are propositions asserting that certain relations hold among elements. (Chase & Simon, 1988, p. 490)

    22) Definitions of Artificial Intelligence

   Artificial intelligence (AI) is sometimes defined as the study of how to build and/or program computers to enable them to do the sorts of things that minds can do. Some of these things are commonly regarded as requiring intelligence: offering a medical diagnosis and/or prescription, giving legal or scientific advice, proving theorems in logic or mathematics. Others are not, because they can be done by all normal adults irrespective of educational background (and sometimes by non-human animals too), and typically involve no conscious control: seeing things in sunlight and shadows, finding a path through cluttered terrain, fitting pegs into holes, speaking one's own native tongue, and using one's common sense. Because it covers AI research dealing with both these classes of mental capacity, this definition is preferable to one describing AI as making computers do "things that would require intelligence if done by people." However, it presupposes that computers could do what minds can do, that they might really diagnose, advise, infer, and understand. One could avoid this problematic assumption (and also side-step questions about whether computers do things in the same way as we do) by defining AI instead as "the development of computers whose observable performance has features which in humans we would attribute to mental processes." This bland characterization would be acceptable to some AI workers, especially amongst those focusing on the production of technological tools for commercial purposes. But many others would favour a more controversial definition, seeing AI as the science of intelligence in general-or, more accurately, as the intellectual core of cognitive science. As such, its goal is to provide a systematic theory that can explain (and perhaps enable us to replicate) both the general categories of intentionality and the diverse psychological capacities grounded in them. (Boden, 1990b, pp. 1-2)

    23) The Computer Can Not Be a Model of the Mind

   Because the ability to store data somewhat corresponds to what we call memory in human beings, and because the ability to follow logical procedures somewhat corresponds to what we call reasoning in human beings, many members of the cult have concluded that what computers do somewhat corresponds to what we call thinking. It is no great difficulty to persuade the general public of that conclusion since computers process data very fast in small spaces well below the level of visibility; they do not look like other machines when they are at work. They seem to be running along as smoothly and silently as the brain does when it remembers and reasons and thinks. On the other hand, those who design and build computers know exactly how the machines are working down in the hidden depths of their semiconductors. Computers can be taken apart, scrutinized, and put back together. Their activities can be tracked, analyzed, measured, and thus clearly understood-which is far from possible with the brain. This gives rise to the tempting assumption on the part of the builders and designers that computers can tell us something about brains, indeed, that the computer can serve as a model of the mind, which then comes to be seen as some manner of information processing machine, and possibly not as good at the job as the machine. (Roszak, 1994, pp. xiv-xv)

    24) Computers Will Not Always Be Inferior to Human Brains

   The inner workings of the human mind are far more intricate than the most complicated systems of modern technology. Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have been attempting to develop programs that will enable computers to display intelligent behavior. Although this field has been an active one for more than thirty-five years and has had many notable successes, AI researchers still do not know how to create a program that matches human intelligence. No existing program can recall facts, solve problems, reason, learn, and process language with human facility. This lack of success has occurred not because computers are inferior to human brains but rather because we do not yet know in sufficient detail how intelligence is organized in the brain. (Anderson, 1995, p. 2)

1) эк. рынок; базар (специальное место, где осуществляется торговля)

2) эк. рынок (совокупность продавцов и покупателей какого-л. товара)

3)

а) эк. спрос; объем спроса, размер рынка (наличие желающих купить товар; часто используется как характеристика определенной территории)

б) эк. потребители

в) марк. рынок сбыта ( географический район)

г) марк. = market segment

4) эк. конъюнктура, уровень цен, состояние рынка (состояние рынка в значении 2, с точки зрения активности продавцов и покупателей и соответствующей динамики изменения цен)

5) эк., амер. розничный магазин (обычно специализированный, напр., мясной, рыбный)

6) эк., пол. рынок (принцип устройства экономической системы, предусматривающий свободное формирование цен под воздействием спроса и предложения)

7) межд. эк. рынок (экономический союз нескольких стран, в основе которого лежит создание единого торгового пространства для товаров, услуг и факторов производства)

1) эк. продавать, реализовывать, распространять

2) марк. осуществлять маркетинг, позиционировать, продвигать

1) эк. рыночный

а) ( соответствующий рыночным принципам)

б) ( характерный для данного рынка или действующий на данном рынке)

в) ( имеющий отношение к рынку)

2) эк. товарный, рыночный ( предназначенный для продажи на рынке)

* * *

* * *

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общ. исследование, научное исследование, изучение

общ. исследовать, заниматься (научными) исследованиями

общ. исследовательский, научно-исследовательский

* * *

1) Компьютерная техника: Meaningless Indicator Of Processor Speed, Memory Intensive Primary Storage, Microprocessor without Interlocking Pipeline Stages, миллион команд в секунду, миллион операций в секунду

2) Военный термин: Marine integrated personnel system, military information processing system, missile impact prediction set, missile information processing system, modular integrated pallet system

3) Техника: MSR image processing system, master inspection planning system, metal-insulator-piezoelectric semiconductor, microwave pulse storage subsystem, minimum inventory production system

4) Сокращение: Medium Integrated Propulsion System (USA), Millions of Instructions Per Second

5) Вычислительная техника: Microprocessor without Interlocked Piped Stages, Million Instructions Per Second (CPU), (million instructions per second) миллион команд в секунду (единица измерения быстродействия ЭВМ), архитектура MIPS (http://ivb.unact.ru/glossary/mipsproc.html)

6) Космонавтика: система сопряжения полезной нагрузки с ОС Мир

7) Транспорт: Mathematical Investigation Of Pitch Systems

8) Деловая лексика: Material Input Per Service, Material Intensity Per Service

9) Сетевые технологии: million of instructions per second, АВI двоичный интерфейс прикладных программ для RISC-процессоров, Миллион команд ( инструкций) в секунду-мера скорости работы процессоров (CPU), микропроцессор без состояний задержки конвейера, миллион инструкций в секунду

10) Химическое оружие: Modified Integrated Program Summary

11) Интернет: Миллион команд (инструкций) в секунду мера скорости работы процессоров (CPU)

12) Расширение файла: Million Instructions Per Second

13) Ценные бумаги: привилегированные ценные бумаги с ежемесячным доходом (сокр. от "Monthly Income Preferred Securities")

14) НАСДАК: MIPS Technologies, Inc.

15) Программное обеспечение: Mobile International Power Supply

1) Компьютерная техника: Meaningless Indicator Of Processor Speed, Memory Intensive Primary Storage, Microprocessor without Interlocking Pipeline Stages, миллион команд в секунду, миллион операций в секунду

2) Военный термин: Marine integrated personnel system, military information processing system, missile impact prediction set, missile information processing system, modular integrated pallet system

3) Техника: MSR image processing system, master inspection planning system, metal-insulator-piezoelectric semiconductor, microwave pulse storage subsystem, minimum inventory production system

4) Сокращение: Medium Integrated Propulsion System (USA), Millions of Instructions Per Second

5) Вычислительная техника: Microprocessor without Interlocked Piped Stages, Million Instructions Per Second (CPU), (million instructions per second) миллион команд в секунду (единица измерения быстродействия ЭВМ), архитектура MIPS (http://ivb.unact.ru/glossary/mipsproc.html)

6) Космонавтика: система сопряжения полезной нагрузки с ОС Мир

7) Транспорт: Mathematical Investigation Of Pitch Systems

8) Деловая лексика: Material Input Per Service, Material Intensity Per Service

9) Сетевые технологии: million of instructions per second, АВI двоичный интерфейс прикладных программ для RISC-процессоров, Миллион команд ( инструкций) в секунду-мера скорости работы процессоров (CPU), микропроцессор без состояний задержки конвейера, миллион инструкций в секунду

10) Химическое оружие: Modified Integrated Program Summary

11) Интернет: Миллион команд (инструкций) в секунду мера скорости работы процессоров (CPU)

12) Расширение файла: Million Instructions Per Second

13) Ценные бумаги: привилегированные ценные бумаги с ежемесячным доходом (сокр. от "Monthly Income Preferred Securities")

14) НАСДАК: MIPS Technologies, Inc.

15) Программное обеспечение: Mobile International Power Supply

1) Компьютерная техника: Meaningless Indicator Of Processor Speed, Memory Intensive Primary Storage, Microprocessor without Interlocking Pipeline Stages, миллион команд в секунду, миллион операций в секунду

2) Военный термин: Marine integrated personnel system, military information processing system, missile impact prediction set, missile information processing system, modular integrated pallet system

3) Техника: MSR image processing system, master inspection planning system, metal-insulator-piezoelectric semiconductor, microwave pulse storage subsystem, minimum inventory production system

4) Сокращение: Medium Integrated Propulsion System (USA), Millions of Instructions Per Second

5) Вычислительная техника: Microprocessor without Interlocked Piped Stages, Million Instructions Per Second (CPU), (million instructions per second) миллион команд в секунду (единица измерения быстродействия ЭВМ), архитектура MIPS (http://ivb.unact.ru/glossary/mipsproc.html)

6) Космонавтика: система сопряжения полезной нагрузки с ОС Мир

7) Транспорт: Mathematical Investigation Of Pitch Systems

8) Деловая лексика: Material Input Per Service, Material Intensity Per Service

9) Сетевые технологии: million of instructions per second, АВI двоичный интерфейс прикладных программ для RISC-процессоров, Миллион команд ( инструкций) в секунду-мера скорости работы процессоров (CPU), микропроцессор без состояний задержки конвейера, миллион инструкций в секунду

10) Химическое оружие: Modified Integrated Program Summary

11) Интернет: Миллион команд (инструкций) в секунду мера скорости работы процессоров (CPU)

12) Расширение файла: Million Instructions Per Second

13) Ценные бумаги: привилегированные ценные бумаги с ежемесячным доходом (сокр. от "Monthly Income Preferred Securities")

14) НАСДАК: MIPS Technologies, Inc.

15) Программное обеспечение: Mobile International Power Supply

1) Компьютерная техника: Meaningless Indicator Of Processor Speed, Memory Intensive Primary Storage, Microprocessor without Interlocking Pipeline Stages, миллион команд в секунду, миллион операций в секунду

2) Военный термин: Marine integrated personnel system, military information processing system, missile impact prediction set, missile information processing system, modular integrated pallet system

3) Техника: MSR image processing system, master inspection planning system, metal-insulator-piezoelectric semiconductor, microwave pulse storage subsystem, minimum inventory production system

4) Сокращение: Medium Integrated Propulsion System (USA), Millions of Instructions Per Second

5) Вычислительная техника: Microprocessor without Interlocked Piped Stages, Million Instructions Per Second (CPU), (million instructions per second) миллион команд в секунду (единица измерения быстродействия ЭВМ), архитектура MIPS (http://ivb.unact.ru/glossary/mipsproc.html)

6) Космонавтика: система сопряжения полезной нагрузки с ОС Мир

7) Транспорт: Mathematical Investigation Of Pitch Systems

8) Деловая лексика: Material Input Per Service, Material Intensity Per Service

9) Сетевые технологии: million of instructions per second, АВI двоичный интерфейс прикладных программ для RISC-процессоров, Миллион команд ( инструкций) в секунду-мера скорости работы процессоров (CPU), микропроцессор без состояний задержки конвейера, миллион инструкций в секунду

10) Химическое оружие: Modified Integrated Program Summary

11) Интернет: Миллион команд (инструкций) в секунду мера скорости работы процессоров (CPU)

12) Расширение файла: Million Instructions Per Second

13) Ценные бумаги: привилегированные ценные бумаги с ежемесячным доходом (сокр. от "Monthly Income Preferred Securities")

14) НАСДАК: MIPS Technologies, Inc.

15) Программное обеспечение: Mobile International Power Supply

1) Компьютерная техника: Meaningless Indicator Of Processor Speed, Memory Intensive Primary Storage, Microprocessor without Interlocking Pipeline Stages, миллион команд в секунду, миллион операций в секунду

2) Военный термин: Marine integrated personnel system, military information processing system, missile impact prediction set, missile information processing system, modular integrated pallet system

3) Техника: MSR image processing system, master inspection planning system, metal-insulator-piezoelectric semiconductor, microwave pulse storage subsystem, minimum inventory production system

4) Сокращение: Medium Integrated Propulsion System (USA), Millions of Instructions Per Second

5) Вычислительная техника: Microprocessor without Interlocked Piped Stages, Million Instructions Per Second (CPU), (million instructions per second) миллион команд в секунду (единица измерения быстродействия ЭВМ), архитектура MIPS (http://ivb.unact.ru/glossary/mipsproc.html)

6) Космонавтика: система сопряжения полезной нагрузки с ОС Мир

7) Транспорт: Mathematical Investigation Of Pitch Systems

8) Деловая лексика: Material Input Per Service, Material Intensity Per Service

9) Сетевые технологии: million of instructions per second, АВI двоичный интерфейс прикладных программ для RISC-процессоров, Миллион команд ( инструкций) в секунду-мера скорости работы процессоров (CPU), микропроцессор без состояний задержки конвейера, миллион инструкций в секунду

10) Химическое оружие: Modified Integrated Program Summary

11) Интернет: Миллион команд (инструкций) в секунду мера скорости работы процессоров (CPU)

12) Расширение файла: Million Instructions Per Second

13) Ценные бумаги: привилегированные ценные бумаги с ежемесячным доходом (сокр. от "Monthly Income Preferred Securities")

14) НАСДАК: MIPS Technologies, Inc.

15) Программное обеспечение: Mobile International Power Supply

(mkt)

ком., марк. n ринок; a ринковий

1. система відносин, які виникають між покупцем і продавцем та завершуються операціями купівлі-продажу товарів чи послуг; ♦ поняття «ринок» можна охарактеризувати з погляду просторового аспекту (місцевий, регіональний, міжнародний та ін. ринки); функціонального (роздрібний продаж, оптова торгівля); видів продукції тощо; 2. група покупців даного товару чи послуги

═════════■═════════

active market активний ринок • жвавий ринок; agricultural commodities market сільськогосподарський ринок • ринок сільськогосподарської продукції; American market американський ринок; apparel market ринок одягу; auction market аукціонний ринок; Australian market австралійський ринок; bear market біржовий ринок, на якому спостерігається тенденція до зниження курсів • ринок «ведмедів» • біржа, на якій спостерігається тенденція до зниження курсів; bid market ринок продавця; black market чорний ринок; blocked market заблокований ринок • заморожений ринок; bond market ринок облігацій • ринок довгострокового позикового капіталу; brand-loyal market ринок, прихильний до марки; brisk market активний ринок • жвавий ринок; broad — активний ринок • жвавий ринок; bull market біржовий ринок, на якому спостерігається тенденція до підвищення курсів • ринок «биків» • біржа, на якій спостерігається тенденція до підвищення курсів; buoyant market ринок, який характеризується зростанням цін • зростаюча ринкова кон'юнктура; business market діловий ринок • ринок ділових підприємств; buyer's market ринок покупців • ринок, який характеризується зниженням цін; call money market ринок онкольних позик; Canadian market канадський ринок; capital market ринок капіталу; captive market захоплений ринок; cash market касовий ринок; central market центральний ринок; central wholesale markets оптові ринки сільськогосподарської продукції; closed market закритий ринок; commercial market торговельний ринок • комерційний ринок; commodity market товарний ринок • ринок товарів; common market спільний ринок; competitive market конкурентний ринок • ринок продавців, що конкурують; concentrated market концентрований ринок; congested market перевантажений ринок • переповнений ринок; consumer market ринок споживчих товарів; consumer goods market ринок споживчих товарів; control market контрольний ринок; conventional market традиційний ринок; core market первинний ринок • основний ринок; corn market ринок збіжжя • зернова біржа; credit market кредитний ринок • ринок кредитів; crowded market перенасичений ринок; curb market чорний ринок • неофіційний ринок цінних паперів; currency market валютний ринок; customer market ринок клієнтів; dead market млявий ринок • мертвий ринок; debt market ринок боргових зобов'язань; demographic market демографічний ринок • ринок демографічної групи; depressed market млявий ринок; deregulated market нерегульований ринок; desirable market перспективний ринок; developed market розвинений ринок; diet market ринок дієтичних продуктів; discount market обліковий ринок • дисконтний ринок; discount retailing market ринок роздрібної торгівлі за зниженими цінами; distant market віддалений ринок; domestic market внутрішній ринок; donor market ринок пожертводавців; dual exchange market валютний ринок з подвійним режимом (фіксованого і вільного валютного курсу); dull market млявий ринок; easy market легкодоступний ринок; editorial market редакційний ринок; educational market ринок навчальних послуг; employment market ринок робочих місць; entertainment market ринок розваг; equity market ринок акцій; established market стабільний ринок • сформований ринок; Eurocurrency market євровалютний ринок; expanding market зростаючий ринок • ринок, що розростається; exploratory market пробний ринок; export market експортний ринок; external market зовнішній ринок; farmer's market сільськогосподарський ринок • ринок сільськогосподарської продукції; fast-food market ринок продуктів швидкого приготування; financial market фінансовий ринок; flea market товчок • тандитний ринок (діал.) • блошиний ринок; food market ринок харчових товарів; foreign market закордонний ринок • зовнішній ринок; foreign exchange market ринок закордонної валюти; fourth market ринок четвертого ступеня; free market вільний ринок; freight market фрахтовий ринок; futures market ф'ючерсний ринок; global market всесвітній ринок • світовий ринок; gold market ринок золота; government market збут товарів та послуг державними установами; grain market ринок збіжжя • зернова біржа; grey market «сірий» ринок • неконтрольований грошовий ринок; growing market зростаючий ринок • ринок, що розростається; hard-sell market ринок з високою конкуренцією продавців; health care market ринок засобів охорони здоров'я; heterogeneous market неоднорідний ринок; high income market ринок покупців з високим доходом; home market внутрішній ринок; home video market ринок побутової відеоапаратури • ринок програм для побутової відеоапаратури; homogeneous market однорідний ринок; housing market ринок житла; illegal market нелегальний ринок; imperfect market недосконалий ринок; inactive market млявий ринок • застій на ринку; individual market окремий ринок; industrial market ринок товарів промислового значення • ринок промислових підприємств; information market ринок інформації; initial market початковий ринок; institutional market ринок організацій; insurance market страховий ринок; interbank market міжбанківський ринок; intermediate market проміжний ринок; internal market внутрішній ринок; international market міжнародний ринок; international monetary market міжнародний валютний ринок; introductory market ринок, на який виставляється новий товар; investment market інвестиційний ринок; job market ринок робочих місць; kerb market чорний ринок • неофіційний ринок цінних паперів; labour market ринок праці • ринок робочої сили; large market великий ринок; large-volume market ринок великого обсягу; legal market офіційний ринок; license market ринок ліцензій; lifestyle market ринок товарів, які відповідають різним стилям життя; limited market обмежений ринок; liquid market ліквідний ринок; livestock market ринок худоби; loan market ринок позик; loanable funds market ринок позичкового капіталу; local market місцевий ринок; locked market закритий ринок; low-end market ринок дешевих товарів і послуг; lucrative market прибутковий ринок; main market головний ринок • основний ринок; major market головний ринок • основний ринок; manpower market ринок робочої сили; mass market масовий ринок; mature market повністю сформований ринок; media market ринок засобів реклами; merchandise market товарний ринок; middle-class market ринок покупців середнього класу; mid-range market ринок товарів середньої вартості • ринок послуг середньої вартості; military market ринок продукції військового призначення; money market грошовий ринок; monopolistically competitive market ринок монополістичної конкуренції; monopolized market монополізований ринок; narrow market обмежений ринок • вузький ринок; national market національний ринок; nationwide market загальнонаціональний ринок; offered market ринок пропозицій; oligopolistic market олігополістичний ринок; one-sided market односторонній ринок; open market відкритий ринок; open-air market ринок під відкритим небом; organized market організований ринок; outside market зовнішній ринок; overseas market закордонний ринок; overstocked market перевантажений ринок; overt market відкритий ринок; parallel markets паралельні ринки; pegged market регульований ринок; perfect market ідеальний ринок • досконалий ринок; peripheral market периферійний ринок; personal market ринок товарів особистого споживання; potential market потенційний ринок; price-sensitive market ринок, чутливий до цін • ринок, який чутливо реагує на зміни цін; primary market первинний ринок • основний ринок • ринок сировини; produce market товарний ринок • базар; producer market ринок виробників • ринок товарів промислового призначення; productive market продуктивний ринок; professional market ринок професій; profitable market прибутковий ринок; property market ринок нерухомості; prospective market потенційний ринок; protected market захищений ринок; public market відкритий ринок; purchasing market ринок покупців; pure market чистий ринок; ready market ринок, на якому швидко продаються товари; real estate market ринок нерухомості; receptive market місткий ринок; recession-hit market застійний ринок • ринок зниження продажу; regional market місцевий ринок • регіональний ринок; regulated market регульований ринок; repurchase market вторинний ринок цінних паперів; resale market ринок перепродажу; reseller market ринок проміжних продавців • ринок перепродажу; residential market ринок домовласників • ринок житлових приміщень; restrictive market ринок з обмеженим попитом • ринок з тенденцією до монополії; retail market роздрібний ринок • ринок продажу в роздріб; rigged market маніпульований ринок; rural market сільський ринок; sales market ринок збуту; saturated market насичений ринок; secondary market вторинний ринок цінних паперів • другорядний ринок; securities market; selected market вибраний ринок; selective market вибірковий ринок; sellers' market ринок продавців • ринок, який характеризується підвищенням цін; sensitive market нестійкий ринок; services market ринок послуг; share market фондовий ринок • ринок акцій; shrinking market звужений ринок • ринок, що звужується; sluggish market млявий ринок; small market невеликий ринок; soft market ринок, який характеризується падінням цін; soft-drink market ринок безалкогольних напоїв; specialized market спеціалізований ринок; speculative market спекулятивний ринок; spot market ринок наявного товару; stagnant market млявий ринок; steady market стійкий ринок; stock market фондова біржа; strong market стійкий ринок; target market цільовий ринок; technical market ринок промислових товарів • промисловий ринок; territorial market територіальний ринок; test market пробний ринок; thin market неактивний ринок; third market ринок третього ступеня; tight market ринок з обмеженим попитом; tight money market ринок, який характеризується підвищеною ставкою відсотка; top market провідний ринок; total market загальний обсяг ринку • увесь ринок; trade market ринок сфери торгівлі • торговельний ринок; traditional market традиційний ринок; transport market транспортний ринок; two-tier market валютний ринок з подвійним режимом • двоярусний ринок; uncertain market нестійкий ринок; unsettled market нестійкий ринок; untapped market неосвоєний ринок; upbeat market ринок з аукціонним продажем; upscale market ринок споживачів, вищих від середнього рівня; urban market міський ринок; video market відеоринок • ринок відео-продукції; village market сільський ринок; volatile market нестійкий ринок • ринок, на якому ціни швидко змінюються; weak market «слабкий» ринок; wholesale market оптовий ринок; widely dispersed market розгалужений ринок; youth market

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at the market за ринковою ціною • з урахуванням ринкової ціни; at today's market на сьогоднішній біржі; in line with the market відповідно до ринкового курсу; in the market на ринку; market access доступ до ринку; market analysis аналіз ринку; market and pricing policy ринкова і цінова політика; market area місце ринку; market capitalization ринкова капіталізація; market competition ринкова конкуренція; market concentration концентрація ринку • ринкова концентрація; market conditions ринкова кон'юнктура; market conduct ринкова поведінка; market crash біржовий крах; market development освоєння ринку • розширення ринку; market dominance провідне становище на ринку; market economy; market entry вихід на ринок • входження в ринок; market entry strategy стратегія виходу на ринок; market equilibrium ринкова рівновага; market exchange rate ринковий обмінний курс • ринковий валютний курс; market exit вихід з ринку; market factor фактор збуту • ринковий фактор; market failure недоліки ринкової системи • хиби ринкової системи; market fluctuation коливання цін на ринку • кон'юнктурне коливання; market fluctuation equalization fund фонд стабілізації ринку; market forces ринкові сили; market forecast прогноз ринкової кон'юнктури; market form форма ринку; market-geared за обліком ринку; market glut затоварювання ринку • перенасичення ринку; market grouping формування ринку; market information інформація про ринок; market interest rate ринкова ставка відсотка; market intervention ринкова інтервенція; market investigation кон'юнктурне дослідження; market leader товар, який має питому вагу в обороті ринку • ринковий лідер; market level рівень ринку; market maker особа, що реально впливає на стан справ на валютному чи фондовому ринку; market making scheme план впливу на ринок; market mechanism ринковий механізм; market monitoring моніторинг ринку • обстеження ринку; market niche ринкова ніша; market observer оглядач ринку; market operations ринкові операції; market operator біржовий маклер; market organization структура ринку; market-orientated орієнтований на ринок; market outlet канал реалізації • ринок збуту • торговельна точка; market penetration проникнення на ринок; market performance ефективність ринку • функціонування ринку; market place місце торгівлі • ринкова площа • ринок; market position стан ринку • становище ринку • ринкова кон'юнктура; market potential потенціал ринку; market power ринкова влада; market preview реклама товарів, які вступають на ринок; market price ринкова ціна • курс біржі • ринковий курс цінних паперів; market profile зріз ринку • аналіз потенційного ринку збуту за індивідуальною характеристикою; market promotion просування товару на ринок; market prospects перспективи ринку; market quotation біржове котирування • біржовий курс; market rate ринкова ставка • біржовий курс • ринкова норма • ринковий курс; market reaction ринкова реакція; market rent ринкова рента; market report огляд ринкової кон'юнктури • огляд стану ринку • ринковий звіт; market research аналіз стану ринку • вивчення ринкової кон'юнктури • дослідження ринку • аналіз ринкового потенціалу нового продукту • вивчення можливості ринку; market researcher дослідник ринку; market saturation насичення ринку; market section ринковий сектор; market segment ринковий сегмент • частина ринку; market segmentation сегментація ринку; market segregation відокремлення ринку; market-sensitive чутливий до коливання ринкової кон'юнктури; market share питома вага товару в обороті ринку • питома вага компанії в обороті ринку; market sharing поділ ринку • спеціалізація ринку; market sharing agreement угода про поділ ринку; market situation становище на ринку • стан ринку • ринкова кон'юнктура; market structure ринкова структура; market surveillance обстеження ринку • вивчення ринку; market survey обстеження ринку • вивчення ринку; market system ринкова система • ринкова економіка; markettarget price ринкова планова ціна • ринкова цільова ціна; market tendencies ринкові тенденції; market testing перевірка товару ринком • ринкові випробування; market transactions ринкові операції; market trend ринкова тенденція; market value ринкова вартість • курсова вартість • біржова вартість; on the market на ринку; to affect a market впливати/вплинути на ринок; to assess a market оцінювати/оцінити ринок; to bear the market грати на пониження ціни; to be in market продаватися; to be in the market for something бути потенційним покупцем чого-небудь • мати намір купити що-небудь; to branch out into a new market поширюватися/поширитися на новий ринок; to break into the market проникати/проникнути на ринок; to bring something on the market випускати/випустити що-небудь на ринок; to broaden a market розширяти/розширити ринок; to build up a market створювати/створити ринок; to bull the market грати на підвищення цін; to come into the market виходити/вийти на ринок; to come onto the market виходити/вийти на ринок; to command a market контролювати ринок; to congest a market переповнювати/переповнити ринок; to conquer a market завойовувати/завоювати ринок; to corner a market монополізувати ринок; to create a market створювати/створити ринок; to cultivate a market освоювати/освоїти ринок; to develop a market розвивати/розвинути ринок; to divide the market розділяти/ розділити ринок; to dominate the market переважати на ринку • домінувати на ринку; to enter the market виходити/вийти на ринок; to evaluate a market оцінювати/оцінити ринок; to expand a market розширяти/розширити ринок; to explore a market досліджувати/дослідити ринок; to find a market шукати/знайти ринок збуту; to find a ready market шукати/знайти швидкий збут; to flood the market наповнювати/наповнити ринок товарами; to force the market справляти/справити тиск на ринок; to gain access to the market одержувати/одержати доступ на ринок; to get access to the market одержувати/одержати доступ на ринок; to glut the market перенасичувати/перенаситити ринок; to hold a market підтримувати/підтримати ринок; to investigate a market досліджувати/дослідити ринок; to launch on the market випускати/випустити на ринок • пускати/пустити в хід; to manipulate the market впливати/вплинути на ринок; to meet with a ready market шукати/знайти швидкий збут; to monopolize the market монополізувати ринок; to open up new markets відкривати/відкрити нові ринки; to oust from the market витискати/витиснути з ринку; to overstock the market переповнювати/переповнити ринок; to preempt the market заздалегідь опановувати/опанувати ринок; to penetrate the market проникати/проникнути на ринок; to play the market спекулювати на біржі; to price oneself out of the market встановлювати/встановити підвищені ціни на ринку • визначати/визначити занадто високі ціни на ринку • переоцінювати/переоцінити що-небудь на ринку • встановлювати/встановити підвищені ціни на ринку і таким чином втратити своє місце на ринку; to put on the market випускати/випустити на ринок; to regain the market повертати/повернути ринок • знову оволодівати/оволодіти ринком; to retain the market зберігати/зберегти ринок; to rig the market впливати/вплинути на ринок • штучно знижувати/знизити ціни на ринку; to rule the market домінувати на ринку; to secure a market забезпечувати/забезпечити ринок; to seize a market захоплювати/захопити ринок; to segment a market розподіляти/розподілити ринок; to sound out the market випробовувати/випробувати ринок • перевіряти/перевірити ринок; to split the market розподіляти/розподілити ринок; to study the market вивчати/вивчити ринок; to sweep the market завойовувати/завоювати ринок; to take over a market захоплювати/захопити ринок; to test a market розвідувати/розвідати ринок; to win a market завойовувати/завоювати ринок; to withdraw from the market вилучити/вилучати з ринку • виходити/вийти з ринку

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